Grade 10 Grammar Lesson 35 Reporting statements

What is the direct speech? What is the indirect speech?
What are reporting verbs?
Do we change the pronouns when changing a sentence from direct to indirect?
Are other expressions changed too?

•  We normally use indirect (reported) speech to report what someone said. There are two parts in reported speech.
•  The words used in actual (direct) speech change when reporting. Normally, the pronouns representing 1st person and 2nd person change in reported speech depending on ‘who said’ and ‘to whom’.
•  The verbs in reported clause change to past form when the reporting verb is in past tense, but remain in the same tense when reporting verb is in the present or future tense.
•  Expressions showing nearness of time and place also change to show distance when the reporting verb is in the past tense.
• We use say/said when we don’t mention the listener, but tell/told
• when we mention the listener.
• We may or may not use that to begin the reported clause.

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